India's first Mars satellite 'Mangalyaan' enters orbit

India has successfully put a satellite into orbit around Mars, becoming the fourth
country to do so.
The Mangalyaan robotic probe, one of the cheapest interplanetary missions
ever, will soon begin work studying the Red Planet's atmosphere.
A 24-minute engine burn slowed the probe down enough to allow it to be
captured by Mars' gravity.
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said the country had achieved the "near
impossible".
Speaking at the mission control centre in the southern city of Bangalore he
said: "The odds were stacked against us. Of 51 missions attempted in the world
only 21 have succeeded. We have prevailed."
Only the US, Europe and Russia have previously sent missions to Mars, but
India is the first country to succeed on its first attempt.
The latest US satellite, Maven, arrived at Mars on Monday.
US space agency Nasa congratulated its Indian counterpart, the Indian Space and
Research Organization (Isro), on Wednesday's success.
"We congratulate @ISRO for its Mars arrival! @MarsOrbiter joins the missions
studying the Red Planet," the agency tweeted.

At the scene: Sanjoy Majumder, Bangalore

Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) is one of the cheapest interplanetary missions

ever undertaken.

From early in the morning, there was an atmosphere of excitement and tension
at the Indian Space Agency's Mission Tracking Centre in Bangalore.
Scientists, many of them women and several of them young, were seated in
front of their computer monitors tracking the progress of Mangalyaan.
Giant screens above their heads fed a steady stream of data, graphics and
sequence of operations. The first whoops broke out when Mangalyaan
successfully fired up its liquid engine, the first in a series of critical moves to
make sure that the spacecraft was able to launch into the planet's gravitational
pull.
Then there was an agonising 20 minutes, when Mangalyaan disappeared behind
Mars and beyond contact.
But there was no mistaking the moment, when the scientists all rose as one,
cheered, clapped, hugged each other and exchanged high fives - confirmation
that Mangalyaan was now on an elliptical orbit around Mars.
After PM Modi's congratulations, they poured out into the open and the bright
sunlight, beaming as they took in the adulation.
"Thrilled to be a part of history," one young scientist told me. "It's like hitting a
golf ball from Bangalore to London and getting it into the hole in one go,"deputy operations director, BN Ramkrishna said. "It's got to be that precise."

'Better than cricket'

There were some anxious moments at ground control as technicians waited

for news on the orbiter

A 24-minute engine burn slowed the probe                 down enough to allow it to be

                      captured by Mars' gravity


Mr Modi congratulated the scientists and said: "Today all of India should
celebrate our scientists. Schools, colleges should applaud this."
"If our cricket team wins a tournament, the nation celebrates. Our scientists'
achievement is greater," he said.
The total cost of the Indian mission has been put at 4.5bn rupees ($74m;
£45m), which makes it one of the cheapest interplanetary space missions ever.
Nasa's recent Maven mission cost $671m.
The Mangalyaan probe will now set about taking pictures of the planet and
studying its atmosphere.
One key goal is to try to detect methane in the Martian air, which could be an
indicator of biological activity at, or more likely just below, the surface.
Nasa has put four robot rovers on Mars since 1997 - the latest and biggest of
them all, the one-tonne vehicle known as Curiosity, landed on the Red Planet in
August 2012. Unlike Curiosity, the Indian probe will not land on Mars.
Mangalyaan - more formally referred to as Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) - was
launched from the Sriharikota spaceport on the coast of the Bay of Bengal on 5

November 2013.